Cotton leaf curl virus belongs to begomovirus group, family, geminivirideae. Plants infected early in the season are stunted and yield is reduced drastically. A probit analysis of the incidence of the cotton leaf curl virus in punjab, pakistan. Cotton leaf curl viruses are a number of plant pathogenic virus species of the family geminiviridae. Rebound of cotton leaf curl multan virus and its exclusive detection. A group of whitefly transmitted ssdna viruses with ssdna satellites, causing leaf curl disease of cotton, vegetables, and ornamentals contents july 28, 20 page executive summary and contributors 1 i. Cotton leaf curl disease clcud is a major limitation to cotton production on the indian subcontinent. An insight into cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite, the most. Pakistan loses over one million bales of cotton each year due to clcuv. Cotton leaf curl disease clcud outbreaks caused by clcud. Cotton leaf curl multan virus c4 protein suppresses both. Clcud in pakistan and northwestern india during the 1990s was shown to be associated with at least four monopartite begomoviruses including cotton leaf curl multan virus clcumuv, cotton leaf curl alabad virus clcuav, cotton leaf curl kokhran virus clcukov and papaya leaf curl virus palcuv 20, 21. Chilli leaf curl palampur virus is a distinct begomovirus. Molecular characterization of cotton leaf curl multan virus and its satellite dna that infects hibiscus rosasinensis.
Moreover, recent sequence analysis of viruses associated with the resistance breaking complex in this. Recent research advances to combat cotton leaf curl virus. Viruses free fulltext engineered disease resistance in cotton. Working on the hypothesis that the cp is required for protection of. Across pakistan, clcud is currently associated with a single begomovirus cotton leaf curl burewala virus clcubuv and the cottonspecific betasatellite cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite clcumub, both of which have recombinant origins. An overview of cotton leaf curl virus disease, persistant. Cotton leaf curl gezira virus clcugv, that causes clcud in africa. Development of cotton leaf curl virus clcuv diagnostic. The causal pathogens were identified as okra enation leaf curl virus. During 2011, characteristic symptoms of leaf curl disease were widespread 40% and the whitefly bemisia tabaci vector of the leaf curl complex was abundant in commercial cotton fields in burewala, pakistan. Surprisingly, clcubuv lacks c2, one of the genes present in all previously characterized begomoviruses. The disease also infected the cotton crop in sudan in 1924, followed by the outbreak of the disease in cotton fields of northern africa and tanzania hussain et al.
Tomato leaf curl new delhi virus tolcndv is one of only a few ow. In the old world, this group of viruses are usually associated with betasatellite that induces severe disease symptoms by encoding a protein. Frequent occurrence of tomato leaf curl new delhi virus in. Cotton leaf curl viral disease complex caused by cotton leaf curl virus complex begomovirus, geminiviridae. Cotton leaf curl virus clcuv has emerged as a serious threat to cotton plants by causing leaf curl disease and affecting cotton production by making up to 80% loss in north india and pakistan varma and malathi, 2003, mansoor et al. For example, cotton leaf curl multan virus clcumuv is an important monopartite begomovirus and infects many plant species including cotton and n. Cotton not only provides fiber to textile industry but its seed is used as an important. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv is a dna virus from the genus begomovirus and the family geminiviridae. C1, pathogenicity determinant encoded by cotton leaf curl. For example, the monopartite begomovirus cotton leaf curl multan virus clcumuv. Dominance of recombinant cotton leaf curl multanrajasthan virus.
Cotton leaf curl virus has been responsible for yield loss in all affected cottongrowing areas in africa since its discovery. The disease has since spread to other parts of the country as well as to india and china. Passiflora edulis is a new host of cotton leaf curl multan virusbetasatellite. This virus was initially reported on solanaceous crops, but subsequently many reports of damage to cucurbit crops were also made. Indian journal of biotechnology vol 12, july 20, pp 336342 identification of gossypium hirsutum mirna targets in the genome of cotton leaf curl multan virus and betasatellite m sarwar baig and jawaid a khan plant virus laboratory, department of biosciences, jamia millia islamia, new delhi 110 025, india. Pdf dominance of resistancebreaking cotton leaf curl. A probit analysis of the incidence of the cotton leaf curl. Geminiviridae have emerged as important plant pathogens of cotton in pakistan, beginning in 1990, with the outbreak of cotton leaf curl multan virus clcumv, a begomovirus causing widespread disease, resulting in 5080% loss of the crop mansoor et al. Clcumuv consists of a circular singlestranded dna genome that encodes only 6 proteins v1 and v2 in virionsense strand whilst c1, c2, c3 and c4 in virion complementarysense strand. Cotton leaf curl multan virusderived viral small rnas can. Several other begomovirus species associated with chilli leaf curl such as cotton leaf curl multan virus, chilli leaf curl multan virus and pepper yellow leaf curl indonesian virus were reported from pakistan and. The cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite clcumb is the only betasatellite.
Realtime quantitative pcr assay for the quantification of virus and satellites causing leaf curl disease in cotton in pakistan. In india, tomato leaf curl new delhi virus tolcndv has recently been shown to be associated with chilli leaf curl disease. Geminiviral diseases of cotton 127 cotton leaf curl disease a phylogenetic tree based on complete nucleotide sequences of all cotton begomoviruses is shown in figure 3. Review article an overview of cotton leaf curl virus. Cotton leaf curl viruses clcuv are a number of plant pathogenic virus species of the family. Business, international social sciences, general cotton plant diseases plant diseases distribution prevention risk factors. Molecular identification of cotton leaf curl multan virus associated with leaf curl disease of hibiscus rosasinensis india. Development of cotton leaf curl virus resistant transgenic. Il, tomato leaf curl virus tolcv, bemisia tabaci middle east asia minor 1 species meam1, b biotype and b. Association of cotton leaf curl multan virus and its.
The 40 days old grown homozygous lines of cembklean cotton transgenic plants as testing material were obtained from cemb cotton research substation multan for molecular analysis. The begomoviral genome and the betasatellite consisted of 2775 and 76 nucleotides respectively. Transcriptomics reveals multiple resistance mechanisms. Cotton leaf curl viral disease complex caused by cotton. Transcript mapping of cotton leaf curl burewala virus and.
Maintenance of cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite by tomato. An overview of cotton leaf curl virus disease, persistant challeng for cotton production m. Pdf cotton leaf curl multan virus c4 protein suppresses. Cotton is one of the most important crops of pakistan, accounting for over 60% of foreign exchange earnings. Ed podleckis, usda aphis, plant protection and quarantine, plant health programs, plants for. In pakistan, cotton leaf curl virus clcv was observed near multan in 19674. Taxonomy navigation begomovirus all lower taxonomy nodes 7 common name isynonym. Leaf curl, yellow leaf curl hosts tomato, pepper, eggplant, okra, tobacco, beans, cotton, cucurbits, citrus, and other crops as secondary hosts affected plant stages seedling and vegetative stages affected plant parts whole plant symptoms infected plant has stunted young leaves and shoots. An efficient genome editing tool, clustered regularly interspaced. Identification of gossypium hirsutum mirna targets in the. Leaf curl virus disease of cotton is caused by a complex of whiteflytransmitted geminiviruses circular, singlestranded dna viruses, referred to as cotton leaf curl virus clcuv complex, and one of several associated dna satellites that contribute to. First detection of cotton leaf curl burewala virus and cognate cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite and gossypium darwinii symptomless alphasatellite in symptomatic luffa cylindrica in pakistan. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of a.
Cotton leaf curl multan virus clcumuv, cotton leaf curl rajasthan virus clcurav, cotton. An overview of cotton leaf curl virus disease clcud a serious threat to cotton productivity amjad farooq 1, jehanzeb farooq, abid mahmood 1, amir shakeel 2, abdul rehman 3, asia batool 4, muhammad riaz 1, muhammad tasdiq hussain shahid 1 and saira mehboob 4. Roles and interactions of begomoviruses and satellite dnas associated with okra leaf curl disease in mali, west africa. Symptoms included vein thickening, upward or downward leaf curling and foliar enations. Leaf phenotype and cotton leaf curl virus clcud virus accumulation after clcud infection of upland cotton plants. Cotton leaf curl virus disease was originally identified in africa and first reported in the punjab region of pakistan in 1967. Capsicum frutescens chilli plants exhibiting leaf curl symptoms, collected from palampur, himachal pradesh region of india, were found associated with a begomovirus and a betasatellitelike molecule. Frontiers genetics and genomics of cotton leaf curl. Pdf papaya carica papaya is an important food crop cultivated in the tropical and subtropical countries of the world. In october 2008 and july 2009, some cotton plants were found to develop upward leaf curl symptoms accompanied by thickening and often thick dark greening of leaf veins, leafy enations and stunting in a field of the suburb of nanning city, guangxi.
Passiflora edulis is a new host of cotton leaf curl multan virus. Several pathogens including viruses induce autophagy in plants, but the underpinning. However, the complete replacement of varieties with new btcotton hybrids after. The betasatellite dna associated with cotton leaf curl multan virus clcumb contains a single complementarysense orf. Cotton leaf curl virus disease clcud is caused by a suite of. The symptomatic induction of cotton leaf curl disease clcud by indexing in lra5166, a clcubuv susceptible genotype of cotton that resists cotton leaf curl multan virus clcumuv, further confirmed the presence of clcubuv in china rose. Association of cotton leaf curl multan virus and its satellite molecules with leaf curl disease of papaya in india v. Cotton leaf curl multan virus c4 protein suppresses both transcriptional and posttranscriptional gene silencing by interacting with sam synthetase. Cotton leaf curl is a destructive disease of cotton and several other. Association of cotton leaf curl multan virus and its associated betasatellite with leaf curl disease of hibiscus rosasinensis in india. C1 gene and satellite conserved region of the cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite clcumb. Studies were undertaken to develop management strategy to combat clcuv disease. This disease inflicted huge losses not only to the cotton.
Numbers below branches indicate bootstrap value percentages from replicates. Dominance of resistancebreaking cotton leaf curl burewala. Tylcv causes the most destructive disease of tomato, and it can be found in tropical and subtropical regions causing severe economic losses. Begomoviruses interfere with host plant machinery to evade host defense mechanism by interacting with plant proteins. Ziaurrehman m, herrmann h w, hameed u, haider m s, brown j k, 20. A survey for viruses causing clcud was conducted during the 2009 and 2010 cropping seasons in the northwestern indian cottongrowing belt in the states of punjab, haryana and rajasthan. In the present study, five clcudbegomovirus and its associated satellite molecules were characterized based on rolling circle amplification and sequencing of complete genome. Pdf association of cotton leaf curl multan virus and its satellite. Cotton family malvaceae, genus gossypium is one of the most important crops in china. Tomato leaf curl new delhi virus tolcndv is a bipartite, whiteflytransmitted, begomovirus which was first described on tomatoes in india in 1995 initially as tolcvindia. Suppression of skp1 in plants abolishes the downstream hr and resistance response in plants 60. Cotton leaf curl multan virus clcumuv associated with a betasatellite. This virus devastated the pakistan cotton industry in early 1990s where it caused an estimated yield reduction o. Demographic expansion of the predominant bemisia tabaci.
It was reported for the first time in a village near multan, pakistan in 1967. In asia and africa the major disease of cotton is caused by the cotton leaf curl geminivirus. Usda research yields cotton resistant to top 20 ag threat. Cotton leaf curl multan virusderived viral small rnas. Recombination between cotton leaf curl multan virus and cotton leaf curl kokhran virus is known as cotton leaf curl rajasthan virus kumar et al. Losses are difficult to assess, but estimates range up to 20% when infection occurs early in the growing season andor with highly susceptible cultivars. Cotton leaf curl multan virus clcumuv is one of these begomoviruses and can infect cotton and many other plants including nicotiana benthamiana.
Cotton leaf curl multan virus newly reported to be. A virus classification tool based on pairwise sequence. On nation wide bases, the record showed that amongst the major viral diseases of economic crops, recorded in pakistan table, some virus diseases have destroyed entire planting of certain crops in some areas, for example, cotton leaf curl virus, banana bunchy top virus, viral diseases of chilies, tomatoes and pulse crops are considered very. Begomovirus, cotton leaf curl disease, cotton leaf curl burewala virus, betasatellite, cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite, transcription background viruses of the geminiviridae family have circular singlestranded ssdna genomes and classify into four genera according to their host range, insect vector and genome organization 1. Cotton leaf curl multan virus clcumv briddon et al. Cotton leaf curl multan virus clcumuv belonging to begomoviruses family geminiviridae can infect cotton and many other agricultural crops.
C1 deletion mutants to characterize the region required for. Leaves of infected cotton curl upward and bear leaflike enations on the underside along with vein thickening. In october 2008 and july 2009, some cotton plants were found to develop upward leaf curl symptoms accompanied by thickening and often thick dark greening of leaf veins, leafy enations and stunting in a field of the suburb of nanning city, guangxi, china figs. Partial sequences of 258 and fulllength sequences of 22 virus. Cotton leaf curl disease clcud, caused by monopartite begomoviruses and its satellite molecules, is one of the serious constrains in cultivation of cotton in india. A clcud accumulation in ck and clcudinoculated cotton plants were estimated from total genomic dna by qrtpcr at 20 dpi. To our knowledge, this is the first report of clcubuv and its cognate betasatellite in infected china rose. Here, we report that cotton leaf curl multan virus clcumuv c4 protein interacts with sadenosyl methionine synthetase sams, a core enzyme in the methyl cycle, and inhibits sams enzymatic activity. Recent research advances to combat cotton leaf curl virus clcuv disease in pakistan. Pdf cotton leaf curl virus disease a principle cause of. Among most serious threats of last two decades with reference to cotton crop in pakistan is cotton leaf curl virus. Clcumuv can cause leaf curl disease, a devastating disease of cotton when it is associated with a betasatellite dna. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of a variant of highly infectious cotton. Later on it was reported from tanzania in 19262 and from sudan in 19343.
The present epidemic of cotton leaf curl disease clcud originated in the punjab region near the city of multan and was first reported in 1985, although it was noted in this region as early as 1967. Khan 4 1 department of biochemistry, devi ahilya university, indore, india. Pest management for cotton ecosystems or ecosystem management for cotton protection. Caused by cotton leaf curl virus complex begomovirus. Introduction cotton leaf curl, a viral disease of cotton, was reported for the first time in 1912 from nigeria1. Primers for qrtpcr were designed using primer5 software and primer.